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OALib Journal期刊

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Comparison of Hazard-Rates Considering Fault Severity Levels and Imperfect Debugging for OSS  [PDF]
Taku Yanagisawa, Yoshinobu Tamura, Adarsh Anand, Shigeru Yamada
Journal of Software Engineering and Applications (JSEA) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/jsea.2021.1411035
Abstract: Software reliability model is the tool to measure the software reliability quantitatively. Hazard-Rate model is one of the most popular ones. The purpose of our research is to propose the hazard-rate model considering fault level for Open Source Software (OSS). Moreover, we aim to adapt our proposed model to the hazard-rate considering the imperfect debugging environment. We have analyzed the trend of fault severity level by using fault data in Bug Tracking System (BTS) and proposed our model based on the result of analysis. Also, we have shown the numerical example for evaluating the performance of our proposed model. Furthermore, we have extended our proposed model to the hazard-rate considering the imperfect debugging environment and showed numerical example for evaluating the possibility of application. As the result, we found out that performance of our proposed model is better than typical hazard-rate models. Also, we verified the possibility of application of proposed model to hazard-rate model considering imperfect debugging.
A Software Reliability Model for OSS Including Various Fault Data Based on Proportional Hazard-Rate Model  [PDF]
Taku Yanagisawa, Yoshinobu Tamura, Adarsh Anand, Shigeru Yamada
American Journal of Operations Research (AJOR) , 2022, DOI: 10.4236/ajor.2022.121001
Abstract: The software reliability model is the stochastic model to measure the software reliability quantitatively. A Hazard-Rate Model is the well-known one as the typical software reliability model. We propose Hazard-Rate Models Considering Fault Severity Levels (CFSL) for Open Source Software (OSS). The purpose of this research is to make the Hazard-Rate Model considering CFSL adapt to baseline hazard function and 2 kinds of faults data in Bug Tracking System (BTS), i.e., we use the covariate vectors in Cox proportional Hazard-Rate Model. Also, we show the numerical examples by evaluating the performance of our proposed model. As the result, we compare the performance of our model with the Hazard-Rate Model CFSL.
Mathematical Neurolaw of Crime and Punishment: The q-Exponential Punishment Function  [PDF]
Taku Yokoyama, Taiki Takahashi
Applied Mathematics (AM) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/am.2013.410185
Abstract:

Whether people tend to punish criminals in a socially-optimal manner (i.e., hyperbolic punishment) or not is unknown. By adopting mathematical models of probabilistic punishment behavior (i.e., exponential, hyperbolic, and q-exponential probability discounting model based on Tsallis thermodynamics and neuroeconomics, Takahashi, 2007, Physica A; Takahashi et al., 2012, Applied Mathematics), we examined 1) fitness of the models to behavioral data of uncertain punishment, and 2) deviation from the socially optimal hyperbolic punishment function. Our results demonstrated that, the q-exponential punishment function best fits the behavioral data, and people overweigh the severity of punishment at small punishing probabilities and underweigh the severity of punishment at large punishing probabilities. In other words, people tend to punish crimes too severely and mildly with high and low arrest rate (e.g., homicide vs. excess of speed limit), respectively. Implications for neuroeconomics and neurolaw of crime and punishment (Takahashi, 2012, NeuroEndocrinology Letters) are discussed.

Pathogenesis of Neuropsychiatric Syndromes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus  [PDF]
Taku Yoshio, Hiroshi Okamoto
Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases (OJRA) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/ojra.2015.52009
Abstract: The pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric syndromes of systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is multifactorial and can involve various inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies such as anti-neuronal antibodies, anti-ribosomal P antibodies, anti-NR2 glutamate receptor binding antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-U1-RNP antibodies and anti-phospholipid antibodies, and immune complexes (IC). Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is integral to the neuropathology of SLE. Recently the possibility has been reported that aforementioned autoantibodies in the circulation may be strongly associated with disruption of the BBB. Each of these mechanisms might contribute to the pathogenesis of focal NPSLE (for example, cerebrovascular disease, movement disorders, myelopathy, seizures and cranial neuropathy) or diffuse NPSLE (for example, acute confusional state, psychosis and cognitive dysfunction) to varying degrees. In this review we focus on how the aforementioned autoantibodies, the BBB, IC and cytokines as well as chemokines are associated with the appearance of NPSLE.
Practical Application of a Tongue-Operated Joystick Device with Force Feedback Mechanism  [PDF]
Shinya Kajikawa, Taku Ohba
Intelligent Control and Automation (ICA) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/ica.2019.103006
Abstract:
The human tongue has superior movement and tactile sensations. For individuals with severe disabilities, a tongue operated interface device can be used to operate life-support equipment, such as powered wheelchairs and robotic manipulators. A joystick-type device can directly translate various tongue motions to external equipment behavior. In addition, the user can interactively communicate with the equipment by tactile feedback. This helps the user to control the equipment safely and skillfully. Considering these factors, in a previous study [1], we developed a novel tongue-operated joystick device with reaction force feedback mechanism. We described the design process including the analysis of human tongue movement and tactile sensations and showed fundamental performances of reaction force feedback with the prototype device. In this study, we discuss the shape of the operational part that is used by the tongue. Two types of operational tools are prepared and their operability and perception of reaction force feedback are compared. Furthermore, we confirm the effectiveness of reaction force feedback to operate the joystick device safely and skillful controlling a mobile robot in an unknown environment.
The Decline of Village Common Lands and Changes in Village Society: South India, c. 1850-2000
Yanagisawa Haruka
Conservation & Society , 2008,
Abstract: The widely accepted view that emphasises the negative impact of the decline in common property re-sources on the village poor generally presumes that village common lands would have been used by all villagers inclusive of the poor without serious differences in the right to access them. Mainly based on historical documents for Tamil Nadu from the nineteenth century, this paper argues that influential vil-lagers controlled ′waste lands′ (village common land) and that this elite-dominant system of controlling natural resources declined with the gradual emancipation of the subordinate section of villagers. The ac-quisition of small bits of cultivated land and the encroachment on waste lands by the landless not only mirrored their empowerment and strengthened their bargaining position but also implies, under some cir-cumstances, the creation of possible pre-conditions for an egalitarian type of resource-controlling system. This paper also suggests that, as witnessed in Tamil Nadu in the last two decades, the growth of non-agricultural job opportunities could possibly weaken the pressure on lands and also induce farmers to change cropping patterns of their farms, sometimes leading to an expansion of farm forestry. The acquisi-tion of landholding by the landless and their emancipation could also possibly contribute in this direction.
Looking for cosmic neutrino background
Chiaki Yanagisawa
Frontiers in Physics , 2014, DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2014.00030
Abstract: Since the discovery of neutrino oscillation in atmospheric neutrinos by the Super-Kamiokande experiment in 1998, study of neutrinos has been one of exciting fields in high-energy physics. All the mixing angles were measured. Quests for (1) measurements of the remaining parameters, the lightest neutrino mass, the CP violating phase(s), and the sign of mass splitting between the mass eigenstates m3 and m1, and (2) better measurements to determine whether the mixing angle θ23 is less than π/4, are in progress in a well-controlled manner. Determining the nature of neutrinos, whether they are Dirac or Majorana particles is also in progress with continuous improvement. On the other hand, although the ideas of detecting cosmic neutrino background have been discussed since 1960s, there has not been a serious concerted effort to achieve this goal. One of the reasons is that it is extremely difficult to detect such low energy neutrinos from the Big Bang. While there has been tremendous accumulation of information on Cosmic Microwave Background since its discovery in 1965, there is no direct evidence for Cosmic Neutrino Background. The importance of detecting Cosmic Neutrino Background is that, although detailed studies of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Cosmic Microwave Background give information of the early Universe at ~a few minutes old and ~300 k years old, respectively, observation of Cosmic Neutrino Background allows us to study the early Universe at ~1 s old. This article reviews progress made in the past 50 years on detection methods of Cosmic Neutrino Background.
Quantum Monte Carlo diagonalization for many-fermion systems
Takashi Yanagisawa
Physics , 2007, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.224503
Abstract: In this study we present an optimization method based on the quantum Monte Carlo diagonalization for many-fermion systems. Using the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation, employed to decompose the interactions in terms of auxiliary fields, we expand the true ground-state wave function. The ground-state wave function is written as a linear combination of the basis wave functions. The Hamiltonian is diagonalized to obtain the lowest energy state, using the variational principle within the selected subspace of the basis functions. This method is free from the difficulty known as the negative sign problem. We can optimize a wave function using two procedures. The first procedure is to increase the number of basis functions. The second improves each basis function through the operators, $e^{-\Delta\tau H}$, using the Hubbard-Stratonovich decomposition. We present an algorithm for the Quantum Monte Carlo diagonalization method using a genetic algorithm and the renormalization method. We compute the ground-state energy and correlation functions of small clusters to compare with available data.
Quantum smoothing
Masahiro Yanagisawa
Physics , 2007,
Abstract: Quantum initial state estimation through entanglement and continuous measurement is introduced. This paper provides a unified formulation of classical and quantum smoothing and shows a smoothing uncertainty relation. As an example, a communication between two parties via a two mode squeezed state is shown.
Phase diagram of the t-U^2 Hamiltonian of the weak coupling Hubbard model
Takashi Yanagisawa
Physics , 2008, DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/10/2/023014
Abstract: We determine the symmetry of Cooper pairs, on the basis of the perturbation theory in terms of the Coulomb interaction $U$, for the two-dimensional Hubbard model on the square lattice. The phase diagram is investigated in detail. The Hubbard model for small $U$ is mapped onto an effective Hamiltonian with the attractive interaction using the canonical transformation: $H_{eff}=e^S He^{-S}$. The gap equation of the weak coupling formulation is solved without numerical ambiguity to determine the symmetry of Cooper pairs. The superconducting gap crucially depends on the position of the van Hove singularity. We show the phase diagram in the plane of the electron filling $n_e$ and the next nearest-neighbor transfer $t'$. The d-wave pairing is dominant for the square lattice in a wide range of $n_e$ and $t'$. The d-wave pairing is also stable for the square lattice with anisotropic $t'$. The three-band $d$-$p$ model is also investigated, for which the d-wave pairing is stable in a wide range of $n_e$ and $t_{pp}$ (the transfer between neighboring oxygen atoms). In the weak coupling analysis, the second-neighbor transfer parameter $-t'$ could not be so large so that the optimum doping rate is in the range of $0.8
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